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arXiv 提交日期: 2026-02-19
📄 Abstract - Bridging the Domain Divide: Supervised vs. Zero-Shot Clinical Section Segmentation from MIMIC-III to Obstetrics

Clinical free-text notes contain vital patient information. They are structured into labelled sections; recognizing these sections has been shown to support clinical decision-making and downstream NLP tasks. In this paper, we advance clinical section segmentation through three key contributions. First, we curate a new de-identified, section-labeled obstetrics notes dataset, to supplement the medical domains covered in public corpora such as MIMIC-III, on which most existing segmentation approaches are trained. Second, we systematically evaluate transformer-based supervised models for section segmentation on a curated subset of MIMIC-III (in-domain), and on the new obstetrics dataset (out-of-domain). Third, we conduct the first head-to-head comparison of supervised models for medical section segmentation with zero-shot large language models. Our results show that while supervised models perform strongly in-domain, their performance drops substantially out-of-domain. In contrast, zero-shot models demonstrate robust out-of-domain adaptability once hallucinated section headers are corrected. These findings underscore the importance of developing domain-specific clinical resources and highlight zero-shot segmentation as a promising direction for applying healthcare NLP beyond well-studied corpora, as long as hallucinations are appropriately managed.

顶级标签: medical natural language processing llm
详细标签: clinical text domain adaptation zero-shot learning section segmentation healthcare nlp 或 搜索:

弥合领域鸿沟:从MIMIC-III到产科数据的监督式与零样本临床章节分割对比研究 / Bridging the Domain Divide: Supervised vs. Zero-Shot Clinical Section Segmentation from MIMIC-III to Obstetrics


1️⃣ 一句话总结

这篇论文通过创建新的产科临床笔记数据集,对比了监督学习模型和零样本大语言模型在临床文本章节分割任务上的表现,发现监督模型在跨领域时性能下降明显,而经过修正幻觉问题的零样本模型则展现出更强的领域适应能力,为医疗NLP在资源有限领域的应用提供了新思路。

源自 arXiv: 2602.17513