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arXiv 提交日期: 2026-03-05
📄 Abstract - The Impact of Preprocessing Methods on Racial Encoding and Model Robustness in CXR Diagnosis

Deep learning models can identify racial identity with high accuracy from chest X-ray (CXR) recordings. Thus, there is widespread concern about the potential for racial shortcut learning, where a model inadvertently learns to systematically bias its diagnostic predictions as a function of racial identity. Such racial biases threaten healthcare equity and model reliability, as models may systematically misdiagnose certain demographic groups. Since racial shortcuts are diffuse - non-localized and distributed throughout the whole CXR recording - image preprocessing methods may influence racial shortcut learning, yet the potential of such methods for reducing biases remains underexplored. Here, we investigate the effects of image preprocessing methods including lung masking, lung cropping, and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). These approaches aim to suppress spurious cues encoding racial information while preserving diagnostic accuracy. Our experiments reveal that simple bounding box-based lung cropping can be an effective strategy for reducing racial shortcut learning while maintaining diagnostic model performance, bypassing frequently postulated fairness-accuracy trade-offs.

顶级标签: medical machine learning model evaluation
详细标签: racial bias chest x-ray shortcut learning preprocessing fairness 或 搜索:

预处理方法对胸部X光诊断中种族编码与模型鲁棒性的影响 / The Impact of Preprocessing Methods on Racial Encoding and Model Robustness in CXR Diagnosis


1️⃣ 一句话总结

这项研究发现,在胸部X光诊断的深度学习模型中,采用简单的基于边界框的肺部裁剪预处理方法,可以有效减少模型对种族信息的依赖(即“种族捷径学习”),从而降低潜在的诊断偏见,同时保持诊断性能,避免了常见的公平性与准确性之间的权衡。

源自 arXiv: 2603.05157