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arXiv 提交日期: 2026-04-21
📄 Abstract - Toward Clinically Acceptable Chest X-ray Report Generation: A Qualitative Retrospective Pilot Study of CXRMate-2

Chest X-ray (CXR) radiology report generation (RRG) models have shown rapid progress, yet their clinical utility remains uncertain due to limited evaluation by radiologists. We present CXRMate-2, a state-of-the-art CXR RRG model that integrates structured multimodal conditioning and reinforcement learning with a composite reward for semantic alignment with radiologist reports. Across the MIMIC-CXR, CheXpert Plus, and ReXgradient datasets, CXRMate-2 achieves statistically significant improvements over strong benchmarks, including gains of 11.2% and 24.4% in GREEN and RadGraph-XL, respectively, on MIMIC-CXR relative to MedGemma 1.5 (4B). To directly compare CXRMate-2 against radiologist reporting, we conduct a blinded, randomised qualitative retrospective evaluation. Three consultant radiologists compare generated and radiologist reports across 120 studies from the MIMIC-CXR test set. Generated reports were deemed acceptable (defined as preferred or rated equally to radiologist reports) in 45% of ratings, with no statistically significant difference in preference rates between radiologist reports and acceptable generated reports for seven of the eight analysed findings. Preference for radiologist reports was driven primarily by higher recall, while generated reports were often preferred for readability. Together, these results suggest a credible pathway to clinically acceptable CXR RRG. Improvements in recall, alongside better detection of subtle findings (e.g., pulmonary congestion), are likely sufficient to achieve non-inferiority to radiologist reporting. With these targeted advances, CXR RRG systems may be ready for prospective evaluation in assistive roles within radiologist-led workflows.

顶级标签: medical llm model evaluation
详细标签: radiology report generation chest x-ray reinforcement learning clinical evaluation qualitative study 或 搜索:

迈向临床可接受的胸部X光报告生成:CXRMate-2的定性回顾性试点研究 / Toward Clinically Acceptable Chest X-ray Report Generation: A Qualitative Retrospective Pilot Study of CXRMate-2


1️⃣ 一句话总结

本研究通过盲法评估验证了新型AI模型CXRMate-2生成的胸部X光报告在可读性上优于放射科医生报告,且对大部分常见病变的识别准确率与医生持平,尽管在少数细微病变的检出率上仍有差距,但已展现出替代人工报告的巨大潜力。

源自 arXiv: 2604.18967