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arXiv 提交日期: 2026-04-27
📄 Abstract - Do Quantum Transformers Help? A Systematic VQC Architecture Comparison on Tabular Benchmarks

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) are a leading approach to quantum machine learning on near-term devices, yet it remains unclear which circuit architecture yields the best accuracy-parameter trade-off on classical tabular data. We present a systematic empirical comparison of four VQC families -- multi-layer fully-connected (FC-VQC), residual (ResNet-VQC), hybrid quantum-classical transformer (QT), and fully quantum transformer (FQT) -- across five regression and classification benchmarks. Our key findings are: \textbf{(i)}~FC-VQCs achieve 90-96\% of the $R^2$ of attention-based VQCs while using 40-50\% fewer parameters, and consistently outperform equal-capacity MLPs (mean $R^2{=}0.829$ vs.\ MLP$_{720}$'s $0.753$ on Boston Housing, 3-seed average); \textbf{(ii)}~FC-VQC's Type~4 inter-block connectivity provides partial cross-token mixing that approximates the role of attention -- explicit quantum self-attention yields only marginal gains on most datasets while significantly increasing parameter count; \textbf{(iii)}~expressibility saturates at circuit depth~${\approx}\,3$, explaining why shallow VQCs already cover the Hilbert space effectively; \textbf{(iv)}~LayerNorm on the fully quantum transformer improves classification accuracy, suggesting normalization is important when all operations are quantum; \textbf{(v)}~in our noise study on Boston Housing, FQT degrades gracefully under depolarizing noise while QT collapses. All results are validated across three random seeds. These findings provide practical architectural guidance for deploying VQCs on near-term quantum hardware.

顶级标签: machine learning model evaluation
详细标签: variational quantum circuits quantum transformer tabular data architecture comparison benchmark 或 搜索:

量子Transformer有帮助吗?——基于表格数据的变分量子电路架构系统比较 / Do Quantum Transformers Help? A Systematic VQC Architecture Comparison on Tabular Benchmarks


1️⃣ 一句话总结

本文系统比较了四种变分量子电路架构在表格数据任务上的表现,发现简单的全连接量子电路在参数更少的情况下能达到主流注意力量子模型90-96%的效果,而复杂的量子Transformer仅在噪声鲁棒性上具有特定优势,为近量子硬件的实际部署提供了架构选择指导。

源自 arXiv: 2604.23931