多属性公平医学图像分类的最差组均衡赔率正则化 / Worst-Group Equalized Odds Regularization for Multi-Attribute Fair Medical Image Classification
1️⃣ 一句话总结
本文提出了一种新的正则化方法,通过聚焦于不同人群(如年龄、性别、种族)中表现最差的子组,平衡其真假阳性率,从而在不过度降低整体诊断准确率的前提下,减少医学图像分类模型中由单一操作点引发的过度诊断或诊断不足等不公平问题。
Diagnostic performance in medical AI varies systematically across demographic groups, yet subgroup AUC can mask clinically important disparities. At a fixed inference-time operating point, some groups may exhibit over-diagnostic behaviour, characterized by elevated true and false positive rates, while others show under-diagnostic patterns with reduced true and false positive rates. These opposing tendencies can cancel in aggregate AUCs while producing meaningful inequities in clinical decision-making. Motivated by the need to assess and mitigate such disparities at the operating point and across multiple demographic attributes simultaneously, we propose a worst-group equalized-odds margin regularizer. The proposed regularizer explicitly targets subgroup-level deviations on both the true positive and false positive sides at inference. At each update, the method identifies subgroups defined by explicit demographic attributes (e.g., age, sex, and race) that exhibit the most extreme margin deviations and applies a unified penalty, enabling fairness optimization across multiple demographic axes without requiring explicit intersectional constraints. Across two medical imaging datasets in realistic multi-label settings, our method consistently reduces disparities in Equalized Odds and Equalized Opportunity with minimal impact on AUC, preserving diagnostic performance while improving fairness.
多属性公平医学图像分类的最差组均衡赔率正则化 / Worst-Group Equalized Odds Regularization for Multi-Attribute Fair Medical Image Classification
本文提出了一种新的正则化方法,通过聚焦于不同人群(如年龄、性别、种族)中表现最差的子组,平衡其真假阳性率,从而在不过度降低整体诊断准确率的前提下,减少医学图像分类模型中由单一操作点引发的过度诊断或诊断不足等不公平问题。
源自 arXiv: 2605.19214