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arXiv 提交日期: 2026-06-10
📄 Abstract - Breaking Entropy Bounds: Accelerating RL Training via MTP with Rejection Sampling

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a key component in modern large language models, yet the rollout stage remains the key bottleneck in RL training pipelines. Although Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) offers a natural solution to accelerate rollouts through speculative decoding, many studies have observed that MTP acceptance rates degrade significantly during RL training, leading to limited speedup performance. To address this bottleneck, we present Bebop, a systematic study of MTP in LLM post-training, and offer practical recipes to integrate MTP into large-scale RL pipelines. First, we reveal that the MTP acceptance rate is fundamentally bounded by the fluctuation of model entropy, which demonstrates a clear negative linear relationship with the rise of entropy in the RL stage. Second, we show that probabilistic rejection sampling largely alleviates the disturbance introduced by entropy in RL compared to greedy draft sampling. We further identify that the conventional MTP training objectives (cross-entropy or KL) are suboptimal in such settings, and therefore we propose a novel end-to-end TV loss that directly optimizes multi-step rejection sampling acceptance rate, yielding ~10% acceptance rate improvements, achieving up to 95% acceptance rates and up to 25% extra inference throughput gains across mathematical reasoning, code generation, and agentic tasks. Third, we test various online MTP training strategies during RL and show that pre-RL MTP training with e2e TV loss and rejection sampling achieves a consistent acceptance rate and speedup throughout the entire RL, eliminating the need for costly online MTP updating. We provide extensive experiments and analysis that validate our findings. Experimental results show our method achieves up to 1.8x end-to-end acceleration in async RL training of Qwen3.5, Qwen3.6, and Qwen3.7 models.

顶级标签: reinforcement learning llm model training
详细标签: multi-token prediction rejection sampling entropy bounds speculative decoding inference acceleration 或 搜索:

打破熵界限:通过带拒绝采样的多标记预测加速强化学习训练 / Breaking Entropy Bounds: Accelerating RL Training via MTP with Rejection Sampling


1️⃣ 一句话总结

本文提出了一种名为Bebop的方法,通过结合改进的拒绝采样技术和新的损失函数,解决了在强化学习训练大语言模型时,多标记预测技术(MTP)的接受率因模型熵波动而大幅下降的问题,从而将推理速度提升了1.8倍,且无需在强化学习过程中频繁更新MTP模块。

源自 arXiv: 2606.12370