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arXiv 提交日期: 2026-06-25
📄 Abstract - Adaptive Evaluation of Out-of-Band Defenses Against Prompt Injection in LLM Agents

Recent work (2024 to 2026) has converged on a strategy for defending tool-using LLM agents against indirect prompt injection: rather than training the model to refuse malicious instructions, enforce security outside the model with a deterministic policy that mediates the agent's actions. Systems such as CaMeL, FIDES, Progent, RTBAS, and FORGE realize this with capabilities, information-flow labels, and reference monitors, and several report near-elimination of attacks on the AgentDojo benchmark. We make two contributions. First, we organize these out-of-band defenses as instances of classical integrity protection (Biba), reference monitoring, and least privilege, yielding a structured comparison of what they do and do not cover. Second, we warn that every one of them is validated only on static benchmarks (a fixed set of injection attempts), the same methodology that made in-band defenses look strong until adaptive, defense-aware attacks broke twelve of them at over 90% success; we specify the threat model and protocol an adaptive evaluation requires. We then run that protocol as an independent reproduction and extension of Progent's own adaptive-attack analysis, on AgentDojo, with an open-weight agent (Qwen2.5-7B) self-hosted on a single H200, a setting its authors did not test. Averaged over three runs, the defense held: Progent cut mean attack success roughly sixfold (25.8% to 4.2%), and a hand-crafted adaptive attack did not raise it (2.6%). This is one small-scale data point on a weak model with a single black-box attack template; a stronger optimized (white-box GCG) attack remains open. The result is consistent with, but does not establish, the hypothesis that deterministic out-of-band enforcement is a harder target for an adaptive attacker than in-band detection.

顶级标签: llm agents security
详细标签: prompt injection out-of-band defense adaptive evaluation tool-using agents benchmark 或 搜索:

针对大型语言模型智能体中即时注入攻击的带外防御的适应性评估 / Adaptive Evaluation of Out-of-Band Defenses Against Prompt Injection in LLM Agents


1️⃣ 一句话总结

本文系统梳理了当前用于保护大型语言模型(LLM)智能体免受即时注入攻击的“带外防御”策略,指出所有这些方法目前仅在静态基准上验证、缺乏针对自适应攻击的评估,并通过对开源模型(Qwen2.5-7B)的独立重复实验,初步证明其中一种方法(Progent)在面对简单自适应攻击时仍能有效降低攻击成功率,但尚不能断定带外防御比传统方法更安全。

源自 arXiv: 2606.26479