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arXiv 提交日期: 2026-06-26
📄 Abstract - From Tokens to States: LLMs as a Special Case of World Models and the Continuous Path Beyond

The AI community has framed the relationship between large language models (LLMs) and world models as a dichotomy: LLMs predict tokens; world models simulate reality. Yann LeCun argues in 2022 that reaching general intelligence requires abandoning autoregressive token prediction in favour of latent-space architectures. This framing is unnecessarily binary. Two claims will be defended. First, LLMs are a degenerate special case of world models: the state space is the set of all token sequences, the only action is appending one token, and world models are therefore a strict generalisation of LLMs, not a replacement. Second, there is a natural continuous spectrum from NTP to JEPA, with multi-token prediction, future-summary prediction, and next-latent prediction as intermediate stations already populated by current research. Moving along this spectrum relaxes the LLM constraints one by one. It also progressively surrenders the two practical advantages that make LLMs trainable at scale: internet-scale self-supervised data, and a transformer architecture co-designed for discrete token prediction. Both are examined as open research questions: the data question (the cliff from self-supervised text to instrumented action-labelled environments) and the architecture question (whether the transformer generalises to continuous-state prediction, or whether a new primitive is needed).

顶级标签: llm machine learning theory
详细标签: world models token prediction latent-space architectures state space multi-token prediction 或 搜索:

从词元到状态:大语言模型作为世界模型的特例及其连续路径 / From Tokens to States: LLMs as a Special Case of World Models and the Continuous Path Beyond


1️⃣ 一句话总结

本文挑战了将大语言模型与世界模型对立的观点,指出语言模型实际上是世界模型的一种退化特例,并提出了从词元预测到连续状态预测的渐进路径,同时分析了该路径在数据和架构上面临的开放挑战。

源自 arXiv: 2606.28127