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arXiv 提交日期: 2026-05-18
📄 Abstract - New Insight of Variance reduce in Zero-Order Hard-Thresholding: Mitigating Gradient Error and Expansivity Contradictions

Hard-thresholding is an important type of algorithm in machine learning that is used to solve $\ell_0$ constrained optimization problems. However, the true gradient of the objective function can be difficult to access in certain scenarios, which normally can be approximated by zeroth-order (ZO) methods. The SZOHT algorithm is the only algorithm tackling $\ell_0$ sparsity constraints with ZO gradients so far. Unfortunately, SZOHT has a notable limitation on the number of random directions % in ZO gradients due to the inherent conflict between the deviation of ZO gradients and the expansivity of the hard-thresholding operator. This paper approaches this problem by considering the role of variance and provides a new insight into variance reduction: mitigating the unique conflicts between ZO gradients and hard-thresholding. Under this perspective, we propose a generalized variance reduced ZO hard-thresholding algorithm as well as the generalized convergence analysis under standard assumptions. The theoretical results demonstrate the new algorithm eliminates the restrictions on the number of random directions, leading to improved convergence rates and broader applicability compared with SZOHT. Finally, we illustrate the utility of our method on a ridge regression problem as well as black-box adversarial attacks.

顶级标签: machine learning theory
详细标签: hard-thresholding zeroth-order optimization variance reduction convergence analysis sparsity 或 搜索:

零阶硬阈值算法中方差缩减的新见解:缓解梯度误差与扩张性矛盾 / New Insight of Variance reduce in Zero-Order Hard-Thresholding: Mitigating Gradient Error and Expansivity Contradictions


1️⃣ 一句话总结

本文针对现有零阶硬阈值算法(SZOHT)因梯度估计误差与硬阈值算子扩张性相冲突而限制随机方向数量的难题,提出了一种新的方差缩减方法,通过缓解两者间的矛盾,显著提升了算法的收敛速度和适用范围,并在岭回归和黑盒对抗攻击任务中验证了其有效性。

源自 arXiv: 2605.18035